Global food production has, in aggregate, kept pace with population growth for decades, yet roughly one in nine people worldwide remains undernourished, and the world wastes close to a third of all food produced between farm and plate. Meeting future demand sustainably will require not just producing more, but producing smarter: cutting post-harvest losses, improving distribution to where need is greatest, and adapting crops to a changing climate, since simply expanding cultivated area further would come at a steep environmental cost.

Which of the following are fundamental solutions to global food security, as implied by the passage?

1. Reducing post-harvest losses and food waste.

2. Improving distribution to areas of greatest need.

3. Expanding cultivated area as far as possible.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.