Global food production has, in aggregate, kept pace with population growth for decades, yet roughly one in nine people worldwide remains undernourished, and the world wastes close to a third of all food produced between farm and plate. Meeting future demand sustainably will require not just producing more, but producing smarter: cutting post-harvest losses, improving distribution to where need is greatest, and adapting crops to a changing climate, since simply expanding cultivated area further would come at a steep environmental cost.

Which of the following would help reduce hunger and starvation in developing economies, as implied by the passage?

1. Reducing food waste between farm and plate.

2. Improving distribution of food to where need is greatest.

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