Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to this item should be based on the passage only.

Our cities cannot possibly sustain reliable public transit unless financing mechanisms are put in place. Building and running a metro or bus network requires heavy investment: acquiring vehicles, laying tracks or dedicated lanes, and maintaining stations so that services stay safe and frequent enough for daily use. If our cities were rich enough to meet the entire cost, transit could be provided free. They are not.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Only rich cities can ensure reliable public transit.

2. Reliable public transit means much more than simply running vehicles on a route.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?