Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to this item should be based on the passage only.

When a government publishes the figures behind a decision, it gives up a certain amount of room to be wrong quietly. That is the cost, and it is the reason publication is so often deferred. The return is that the figures are then checked by people the government does not employ, in numbers it could not afford to hire, and errors surface while they can still be corrected. A department that publishes is not being generous. It is buying scrutiny at a price no audit could match, and accepting in exchange that its mistakes will be visible.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Openness with data has a value to the government itself, not only to the public.

2. There is a real cost to a department in publishing the figures behind its decisions.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?