Read the following passage and answer the question that follows. Your answer should be based on the passage only.

No economy has ever modernised without integrating into global trade. Global trade helps a country access larger markets and technology, and eases the transition from subsistence farming to manufacturing and services, which is inevitable with growth. It creates jobs, and there is no other realistic way to fix a country's unemployment challenge without further encouraging private enterprise to trade internationally. Large exporters can operate at scale and become competitive both domestically and externally. A strong export base also leads to additional revenue for the state, which in turn can be used for greater welfare for the poor and for creating a more level playing field in terms of opportunities.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Global trade promotes the growth of the labour force and provides more employment opportunities.

2. Poor and marginalised sections of the population are benefited by global trade due to a trickle-down effect.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?