Access to basic healthcare for those in need is close to universal on paper, but access to quality care exhibits a sharp gradient with socio-economic status. Quotas for economically weaker patients in private hospitals is a provision introduced by recent public-health regulations. The quotas have imposed a debate on issues of equity in healthcare that private actors had escaped by and large. The idea of an egalitarian healthcare system with equality of access as its primary goal appears to be outside the space that private hospital administrators inhabit. Therefore, the imposition of the quotas has led to resistance, sometimes justified.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Making equality of access a reality is the fundamental goal of the Indian healthcare system.

2. The present Indian hospital system is unable to provide egalitarian healthcare.

3. Abolition of private hospitals and establishment of more government hospitals is the only way to ensure egalitarian healthcare.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?