Antimicrobial-resistant infections among Indian patients are mostly traced to overuse of antibiotics in both healthcare and livestock farming. Use of antibiotics as routine growth promoters in poultry, unsupervised over-the-counter antibiotic sales and poor infection control in hospitals; there are myriad factors that need regulation and monitoring. People need to have awareness of when antibiotics are actually necessary and ways of complaining to relevant authorities. Surveillance of resistant infections involves a number of government agencies and entails good training of laboratory staff. Considering the scale of antibiotic use in poultry farming, investing in training and monitoring of that sector is of great significance.

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue that calls for a multipronged solution.

2. Great investments need to be made in developing the manpower for surveillance and training.

3. India needs to make sufficient legislation for governing the poultry farming industry.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?