UPSC Prelims 2025 · GS Paper 1 · Q82

Science & Technology

Medium · Railway tech / Kavach

With reference to India's railway safety systems, consider the following statements:

1. The National Rail Plan targets 2028 for certain infrastructure and modernisation milestones.

2. 'Kavach' is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed indigenously by Indian Railways, not jointly with Germany.

3. Kavach uses RFID tags installed along the track as part of its train-location technology.

Which of the statements given above are correct?